{"id":30353,"date":"2021-10-21T06:00:29","date_gmt":"2021-10-21T04:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/preprod.i4ce.org\/publication\/global-carbon-accounts-in-2021\/"},"modified":"2024-02-16T16:17:05","modified_gmt":"2024-02-16T15:17:05","slug":"global-carbon-account-in-2021","status":"publish","type":"publication","link":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/","title":{"rendered":"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Explicit carbon pricing systems &#8211; a tax or a carbon market &#8211; continue to develop around the world. In the 2021 edition of its Global Carbon Accounts, <strong>I<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">4<\/span>CE<\/strong> presents the main trends and provides an overview of these public policies: the countries that have adopted them, the sectors covered, the price levels, the revenues generated and what is being done with them. Find all this information in graphics.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"font-size: 24px;\">The 4 trends of 2021<\/span><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>As of October 1st, 2021, 47 jurisdictions (countries, provinces, or cities) are operating a carbon pricing scheme (carbon tax and\/or an Emissions Trading System (ETS)). Together, they account for around 60% of global gross domestic product (GDP). Over the past year, two G20 countries have implemented an explicit price on carbon: China and Germany.<\/li>\n<li>Carbon pricing schemes generated USD 56.8 billion (EUR 49 billion) over the FY 2020-2021; a significant increase compared with the previous fiscal year (USD 48 billion). 52% of this revenue stems from carbon taxes. The other 48% of revenue comes from ETS auctions. These carbon revenues are mostly directed to national general budgets or are earmarked for specific environmental or development projects.<\/li>\n<li>As of October 1st, 2021, explicit carbon prices range from less than USD 1 to USD 142 (EUR 117) per ton of CO2e. Yet, more than 46% of emissions regulated by carbon pricing are still covered by a price below USD 10 (EUR 8). To stay on the 2\u00b0C trajectory while sustaining economic growth, the High-Level Commission on carbon prices led by economists Stern and Stiglitz recommends reaching carbon prices comprised between USD 40 and USD 80 per ton of CO2e by 2020, and between USD 50 and USD 100 per ton of CO2e by 2030.<\/li>\n<li>Together, jurisdictions with a carbon mechanism (tax or ETS) emit 60% of global greenhouse gas (GHG). This does not mean that 60% of global emissions are effectively covered by a carbon price: some sectors or populations may be exempted (totally or partially) for various reasons.<br \/>\nFurthermore, fossil fuel subsidies still represent at least USD 450 billion in 2020 (see page 4).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-54157 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Map-of-explicit-carbon-prices-around-the-world-in-2021.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"829\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Map-of-explicit-carbon-prices-around-the-world-in-2021.png 829w, https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Map-of-explicit-carbon-prices-around-the-world-in-2021-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Map-of-explicit-carbon-prices-around-the-world-in-2021-768x502.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 829px) 100vw, 829px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><script src=\"https:\/\/code.highcharts.com\/highcharts.js\"><\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/code.highcharts.com\/modules\/sunburst.js\"><\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/code.highcharts.com\/modules\/exporting.js\"><\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/code.highcharts.com\/modules\/export-data.js\"><\/script>\r\n<script src=\"https:\/\/code.highcharts.com\/modules\/accessibility.js\"><\/script>\r\n\t\r\n<figure class=\"highcharts-figure\">\r\n<div id=\"container\"><\/div>\r\n<p class=\"highcharts-description\"> I4CE <\/p>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n<style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n.highcharts-figure, .highcharts-data-table table {\r\n    min-width: 320px; \r\n    max-width: 800px;\r\n    margin: 1em auto;\r\n}\r\n\r\n.highcharts-data-table table {\r\n\tfont-family: Verdana, sans-serif;\r\n\tborder-collapse: collapse;\r\n\tborder: 1px solid #EBEBEB;\r\n\tmargin: 10px auto;\r\n\ttext-align: center;\r\n\twidth: 100%;\r\n\tmax-width: 500px;\r\n}\r\n.highcharts-data-table caption {\r\n    padding: 1em 0;\r\n    font-size: 1.2em;\r\n    color: #555;\r\n}\r\n.highcharts-data-table th {\r\n\tfont-weight: 600;\r\n    padding: 0.5em;\r\n}\r\n.highcharts-data-table td, .highcharts-data-table th, .highcharts-data-table caption {\r\n    padding: 0.5em;\r\n}\r\n.highcharts-data-table thead tr, .highcharts-data-table tr:nth-child(even) {\r\n    background: #f8f8f8;\r\n}\r\n.highcharts-data-table tr:hover {\r\n    background: #f1f7ff;\r\n}\r\n<\/style>\r\n\r\n<script> \t\t\t\r\nvar data = [{\r\n\t\t\t\tid: '0',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'World'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Taxe', \r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: '0'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'ETS', \r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: '0'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_France',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'France' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Japan_',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Japon' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Canada',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Canada' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Sweden',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Su\u00e8de' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Finlan',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Finlande' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Norway',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Norv\u00e8ge' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Switze',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Suisse' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Britis',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Colombie-Britannique' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_United',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Royaume-Uni' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Irelan',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Irlande' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Portug',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Portugal' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Denmar',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Danemark' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Mexico',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Mexique' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Chile_',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Chili' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Singap',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Singapour' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Argent',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Argentine' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_New Br',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'New Brunswick' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Colomb',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Colombie' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Icelan',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Islande' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Newfou',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Terre-Neuve et Labrador' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_South ',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Afrique du Sud' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Ukrain',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Ukraine' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Northw',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Territoires du Nord-Ouest' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Prince',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Ile du Prince Edouard' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Liecht',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Liechtenstein' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Poland',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Pologne' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Latvia',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Lettonie' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'Tax_Estoni',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Estonie' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#c9253d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_EU ETS',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'EU ETS' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Califo',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Californie' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_RGGI,I',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'RGGI,Inc.' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Qu\u00e9bec',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Qu\u00e9bec' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Albert',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Alberta' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Canada',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Canada' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_New Ze',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Nouvelle Z\u00e9lande' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_South ',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Cor\u00e9e du Sud' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Tianji',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Tianjin' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Massac',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Massachussets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Nova S',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Nova Scotia' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Switze',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Suisse' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Shangh',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Shanghai' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Hubei_',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Hubei' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tid: 'ETS_Guangd',\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Guangdong' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#0f4e8d',\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_France' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 8328601,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Japan_' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 6183587,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Canada' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 322531,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Canada' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 2902776,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Sweden' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 2266097,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Finlan' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 874720,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Finlan' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 874720,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Norway' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 927529,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Norway' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 597030,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Switze' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 910164,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Switze' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 448290,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Britis' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 931907,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Britis' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 298210,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_United' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 713477,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_United' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 125908,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Irelan' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 489380,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Irelan' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 163127,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Portug' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 590581,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Denmar' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 242755,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Denmar' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 232425,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Denmar' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 41320,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Mexico' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 216565,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Chile_' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 160000,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Singap' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 151210,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Argent' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 25022,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Argent' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 95034,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_New Br' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 62923,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_New Br' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 5343,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_New Br' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 28494,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Colomb' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 79236,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Icelan' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 39785,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Newfou' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 31321,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Newfou' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 7830,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_South ' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 38189,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Ukrain' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 20106,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Ukrain' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 10358,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Northw' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 16749,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Northw' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 4807,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Prince' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 8671,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Prince' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 3750,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Liecht' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 6711,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Liecht' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 746,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Poland' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 2168,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Poland' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 5058,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Latvia' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 5791,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'Tax_Estoni' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 3127,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_EU ETS' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 5464368,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_EU ETS' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 18293753,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Califo' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 1732331,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_RGGI,I' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 40243,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_RGGI,I' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 95578,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_RGGI,I' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 367219,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Qu\u00e9bec' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 477138,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Albert' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 234596,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'R\u00e9duction de taxes' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Canada' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 20322,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#f99d33'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Transferts directs' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Canada' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 182901,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#a053a1'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_New Ze' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 141366,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_South ' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 121339,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Tianji' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 30319,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Massac' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 26548,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Nova S' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 21563,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Switze' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 16451,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Budget g\u00e9n\u00e9ral' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Shangh' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 12385,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#ffd402'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Hubei_' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 7161,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t\tname: 'Fl\u00e9chage par projets' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tparent: 'ETS_Guangd' ,\r\n\t\t\t\tvalue: 1654,\r\n\t\t\t\tcolor: '#9aca3c'\r\n\t\t\t}, {\r\n\t\t\t}];\r\n\r\n\/\/ Splice in transparent for the center circle\r\nHighcharts.getOptions().colors.splice(0, 0, 'transparent');\r\n\r\n\r\nHighcharts.chart('container', {\r\n\r\n    chart: {\r\n        height: '100%'\r\n    },\r\n\r\n    title: {\r\n        text: 'Revenus carbone 2020, milliers de dollars'\r\n    },\r\n    subtitle: {\r\n        text: 'Source <href=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/download\/comptes-mondiaux-carbone-2019\/\">I4CE<\/a>'\r\n    },\r\n    series: [{\r\n        type: \"sunburst\",\r\n        data: data,\r\n        allowDrillToNode: true,\r\n        cursor: 'pointer',\r\n        levels: [{\r\n            level: 1,\r\n            levelIsConstant: false\r\n        }, {\r\n            level: 2,\r\n            colorByPoint: true,\r\n\r\n         dataLabels: {\r\n             format: '{point.name}',\r\n                filter: {\r\n                    property: 'outerArcLength',\r\n                    operator: '>',\r\n                    value: 16\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n        }, {\r\n            level: 3,\r\n            colorByPoint: true,\r\n\r\n         dataLabels: {\r\n             format: '{point.name}',\r\n                filter: {\r\n                    property: 'outerArcLength',\r\n                    operator: '>',\r\n                    value: 16\r\n                }\r\n            },\r\n        }, {\r\n            level: 4,\r\n         dataLabels: {\r\n             format: '{point.name}',\r\n             \/\/format: \"\",\r\n                filter: {\r\n                    property: 'outerArcLength',\r\n                    operator: '>',\r\n                    value: 75\r\n                }\r\n            },\r\n            colorVariation: {\r\n                key: 'brightness',\r\n                to: 0.5\r\n            },\r\n        }]\r\n\r\n    }],\r\n\r\n    tooltip: {\r\n        headerFormat: \"\",\r\n        pointFormat: '{point.name}: <b>{point.value}<\/b>'\r\n    }\r\n});\r\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-54159  aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARBON-REVENUES-AND-PUBLIC-FOSSIL-FUEL-SUBSIDIES.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1047\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARBON-REVENUES-AND-PUBLIC-FOSSIL-FUEL-SUBSIDIES.png 797w, https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARBON-REVENUES-AND-PUBLIC-FOSSIL-FUEL-SUBSIDIES-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/CARBON-REVENUES-AND-PUBLIC-FOSSIL-FUEL-SUBSIDIES-768x276.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1047px) 100vw, 1047px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><strong><u>Principal sources and useful links:<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/download\/donnees-2021-comptes-mondiaux-du-carbone\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"TextRun BCX0 SCXW255616325\" lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW255616325\">Download\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun CommentStart BCX0 SCXW255616325\">data\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW255616325\">(coverage,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW255616325\">price<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW255616325\">\u00a0and revenues<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW255616325\">)<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun BCX0 SCXW255616325\">\u00a0from carbon schemes<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">I4CE,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/download\/comptes-mondiaux-carbone-2020\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Carte des revenus carbone 2020, I4CE<\/span><\/i><\/a><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/32247\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Using carbon revenues<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d, 2019, World Bank-AFD-<strong>I<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">4<\/span>CE<\/strong><\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/openknowledge.worldbank.org\/handle\/10986\/35620\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">State and Trends of Carbon Pricing 2021<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201d,\u202fWorld Bank.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carbonpricingdashboard.worldbank.org\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Carbon pricing dashboard<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">World Bank\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">ICAP\u00a0<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/icapcarbonaction.com\/zh\/icap-status-report-2021\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Status report 2021<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/icapcarbonaction.com\/en\/ets-map\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">ETS Map<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">de ICAP<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u201c<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1787\/0e8e24f5-en.\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Effective Carbon Rates 2021:\u202fPricing Carbon Emissions Through Taxes and Emissions Trading<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">, OECD<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Working paper OCDE,\u00a0\u201c<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd-ilibrary.org\/taxation\/the-use-of-revenues-from-carbon-pricing_3cb265e4-en\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">The use of revenues from carbon pricing<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u201d<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u202f\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:2,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:330}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pinedatabase.oecd.org\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Base de donn\u00e9es PINE<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00a0d<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">e l\u2019OCDE\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">WRI,\u00a0\u00ab\u202f<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/research\/closing-the-gap-g20-climate-commitments-limiting-global-temperature-rise.\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Closing the Gap: The Impact of G20 Climate Commitments on Limiting Global Temperature Rise to 1.5\u00b0C\u202f<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00bb,<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a016\u00a0septembre\u00a02021,\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240,&quot;335559991&quot;:480}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Minist\u00e8re de la transition \u00e9cologique et <strong>I<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">4<\/span>CE<\/strong>-L\u2019institut de l\u2019\u00c9conomie pour le climat. \u00ab\u202f<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/download\/datalab-chiffres-cles-du-climat-2021-france-europe-et-monde\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Datalab\u00a0\u2013 Chiffres\u00a0cl\u00e9s\u00a0du\u00a0climat\u00a02021 \u2013 France, Europe et Monde\u202f<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00bb.<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00ab\u202f<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/fossilfuelsubsidytracker.org\/\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Fossil Fuel Subsidies Tracker\u202f<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00bb<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">IMF. \u00ab\u202f<\/span><\/i><a href=\"http:\/\/xn--%09https-mr3d\/www.imf.org\/en\/Publications\/WP\/Issues\/2021\/09\/23\/Still-Not-Getting-Energy-Prices-Right-A-Global-and-Country-Update-of-Fossil-Fuel-Subsidies-466004\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Still Not Getting Energy Prices Right: A Global and Country Update of Fossil Fuel Subsidies\u202f<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00bb.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;134233279&quot;:true,&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559739&quot;:160,&quot;335559740&quot;:240}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\uf0b7\" data-font=\"Symbol\" data-listid=\"1\" aria-setsize=\"-1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\"><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\">Carl, Jeremy, et David\u00a0Fedor. \u00ab\u202f<\/span><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enpol.2016.05.023\"><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Tracking Global Carbon Revenues: A Survey of Carbon Taxes versus Cap-and-Trade in the Real World\u202f<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">\u00bb.<\/span><\/i><i><span data-contrast=\"auto\"> Energy Policy 96 (septembre\u00a02016)<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explicit carbon pricing systems &#8211; a tax or a carbon market &#8211; continue to develop around the world. In the 2021 edition of its Global Carbon Accounts, I4CE presents the main trends and provides an overview of these public policies &#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":50408,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false},"type_publication":[49],"class_list":["post-30353","publication","type-publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","type_publication-climate-report"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Global Carbon Accounts in 2021 - I4CE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021 - I4CE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Explicit carbon pricing systems - a tax or a carbon market - continue to develop around the world. In the 2021 edition of its Global Carbon Accounts, I4CE presents the main trends and provides an overview of these public policies ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"I4CE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-02-16T15:17:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"296\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"411\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@I4CE_\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/\",\"name\":\"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021 - I4CE\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-10-21T04:00:29+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-02-16T15:17:05+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png\",\"width\":296,\"height\":411},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/\",\"name\":\"I4CE\",\"description\":\"Institute for Climat Economics\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#organization\",\"name\":\"I4CE\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/logo_I4CE-HD-qdr.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/logo_I4CE-HD-qdr.jpg\",\"width\":213,\"height\":247,\"caption\":\"I4CE\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/x.com\/I4CE_\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/i4ce\/\",\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCLZEgZVIiYP6TSDrid7A3mQ\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021 - I4CE","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021 - I4CE","og_description":"Explicit carbon pricing systems - a tax or a carbon market - continue to develop around the world. In the 2021 edition of its Global Carbon Accounts, I4CE presents the main trends and provides an overview of these public policies ...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/","og_site_name":"I4CE","article_modified_time":"2024-02-16T15:17:05+00:00","og_image":[{"width":296,"height":411,"url":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@I4CE_","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/","url":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/","name":"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021 - I4CE","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png","datePublished":"2021-10-21T04:00:29+00:00","dateModified":"2024-02-16T15:17:05+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Global-carbone-account-vignette-3.png","width":296,"height":411},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/publication\/global-carbon-account-in-2021\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Global Carbon Accounts in 2021"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/","name":"I4CE","description":"Institute for Climat Economics","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#organization","name":"I4CE","url":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/logo_I4CE-HD-qdr.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/logo_I4CE-HD-qdr.jpg","width":213,"height":247,"caption":"I4CE"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/I4CE_","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/i4ce\/","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCLZEgZVIiYP6TSDrid7A3mQ"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication\/30353","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/publication"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30353"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"type_publication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/staging.i4ce.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/type_publication?post=30353"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}